API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: April 12, 2021 Earth 399 GEOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES (revised May 9, 2022): Vol. Mean Radius (km) = 6371.01+-0.02 Mass x10^24 (kg)= 5.97219+-0.0006 Equ. radius, km = 6378.137 Mass layers: Polar axis, km = 6356.752 Atmos = 5.1 x 10^18 kg Flattening = 1/298.257223563 oceans = 1.4 x 10^21 kg Density, g/cm^3 = 5.51 crust = 2.6 x 10^22 kg J2 (IERS 2010) = 0.00108262545 mantle = 4.043 x 10^24 kg g_p, m/s^2 (polar) = 9.8321863685 outer core = 1.835 x 10^24 kg g_e, m/s^2 (equatorial) = 9.7803267715 inner core = 9.675 x 10^22 kg g_o, m/s^2 = 9.82022 Fluid core rad = 3480 km GM, km^3/s^2 = 398600.435436 Inner core rad = 1215 km GM 1-sigma, km^3/s^2 = 0.0014 Escape velocity = 11.186 km/s Rot. Rate (rad/s) = 0.00007292115 Surface area: Mean sidereal day, hr = 23.9344695944 land = 1.48 x 10^8 km Mean solar day 2000.0, s = 86400.002 sea = 3.62 x 10^8 km Mean solar day 1820.0, s = 86400.0 Love no., k2 = 0.299 Moment of inertia = 0.3308 Atm. pressure = 1.0 bar Mean surface temp (Ts), K= 287.6 Volume, km^3 = 1.08321 x 10^12 Mean effect. temp (Te), K= 255 Magnetic moment = 0.61 gauss Rp^3 Geometric albedo = 0.367 Vis. mag. V(1,0)= -3.86 Solar Constant (W/m^2) = 1367.6 (mean), 1414 (perihelion), 1322 (aphelion) HELIOCENTRIC ORBIT CHARACTERISTICS: Obliquity to orbit, deg = 23.4392911 Sidereal orb period = 1.0000174 y Orbital speed, km/s = 29.79 Sidereal orb period = 365.25636 d Mean daily motion, deg/d = 0.9856474 Hill's sphere radius = 234.9 ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Thu Aug 14 15:51:50 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Earth (399) {source: DE441} Center body name: Sun (10) {source: DE441} Center-site name: BODY CENTER ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2025-Jan-01 00:00:00.0000 TDB Stop time : A.D. 2025-Jan-01 00:01:00.0000 TDB Step-size : 1 minutes ******************************************************************************* Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center radii : 695700.0, 695700.0, 695700.0 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Output units : AU-D Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian Output type : GEOMETRIC cartesian states Output format : 2 (position and velocity) Reference frame : Ecliptic of J2000.0 ******************************************************************************* JDTDB X Y Z VX VY VZ ******************************************************************************* $$SOE 2460676.500000000 = A.D. 2025-Jan-01 00:00:00.0000 TDB X =-1.786834409731047E-01 Y = 9.669827953774551E-01 Z =-5.109423915082682E-05 VX=-1.720473858166942E-02 VY=-3.193533189307208E-03 VZ= 5.457174067040888E-09 2460676.500694444 = A.D. 2025-Jan-01 00:01:00.0000 TDB X =-1.786953886946605E-01 Y = 9.669805775731443E-01 Z =-5.109423538992340E-05 VX=-1.720469949887746E-02 VY=-3.193743226004856E-03 VZ= 5.374519991317428E-09 $$EOE ******************************************************************************* TIME Barycentric Dynamical Time ("TDB" or T_eph) output was requested. This continuous coordinate time is equivalent to the relativistic proper time of a clock at rest in a reference frame co-moving with the solar system barycenter but outside the system's gravity well. It is the independent variable in the solar system relativistic equations of motion. TDB runs at a uniform rate of one SI second per second and is independent of irregularities in Earth's rotation. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. REFERENCE FRAME AND COORDINATES Ecliptic at the standard reference epoch Reference epoch: J2000.0 X-Y plane: adopted Earth orbital plane at the reference epoch Note: IAU76 obliquity of 84381.448 arcseconds wrt ICRF X-Y plane X-axis : ICRF Z-axis : perpendicular to the X-Y plane in the directional (+ or -) sense of Earth's north pole at the reference epoch. Symbol meaning [1 au= 149597870.700 km, 1 day= 86400.0 s]: JDTDB Julian Day Number, Barycentric Dynamical Time X X-component of position vector (au) Y Y-component of position vector (au) Z Z-component of position vector (au) VX X-component of velocity vector (au/day) VY Y-component of velocity vector (au/day) VZ Z-component of velocity vector (au/day) ABERRATIONS AND CORRECTIONS Geometric state vectors have NO corrections or aberrations applied. Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov *******************************************************************************