API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: July 31, 2013 Moon / (Earth) 301 GEOPHYSICAL DATA (updated 2018-Aug-15): Vol. mean radius, km = 1737.53+-0.03 Mass, x10^22 kg = 7.349 Radius (gravity), km = 1738.0 Surface emissivity = 0.92 Radius (IAU), km = 1737.4 GM, km^3/s^2 = 4902.800066 Density, g/cm^3 = 3.3437 GM 1-sigma, km^3/s^2 = +-0.0001 V(1,0) = +0.21 Surface accel., m/s^2 = 1.62 Earth/Moon mass ratio = 81.3005690769 Farside crust. thick. = ~80 - 90 km Mean crustal density = 2.97+-.07 g/cm^3 Nearside crust. thick.= 58+-8 km Heat flow, Apollo 15 = 3.1+-.6 mW/m^2 Mean angular diameter = 31'05.2" Heat flow, Apollo 17 = 2.2+-.5 mW/m^2 Sid. rot. rate, rad/s = 0.0000026617 Geometric Albedo = 0.12 Mean solar day = 29.5306 d Obliquity to orbit = 6.67 deg Orbit period = 27.321582 d Semi-major axis, a = 384400 km Eccentricity = 0.05490 Mean motion, rad/s = 2.6616995x10^-6 Inclination = 5.145 deg Apsidal period = 3231.50 d Nodal period = 6798.38 d Perihelion Aphelion Mean Solar Constant (W/m^2) 1414+-7 1323+-7 1368+-7 Maximum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 1314 1226 1268 Minimum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 5.2 5.2 5.2 ******************************************************************************** ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Thu Aug 14 15:51:51 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Moon (301) {source: DE441} Center body name: Sun (10) {source: DE441} Center-site name: BODY CENTER ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2025-Jan-01 00:00:00.0000 TDB Stop time : A.D. 2025-Jan-01 00:01:00.0000 TDB Step-size : 1 minutes ******************************************************************************* Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center radii : 695700.0, 695700.0, 695700.0 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Output units : AU-D Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian Output type : GEOMETRIC cartesian states Output format : 2 (position and velocity) Reference frame : Ecliptic of J2000.0 ******************************************************************************* JDTDB X Y Z VX VY VZ ******************************************************************************* $$SOE 2460676.500000000 = A.D. 2025-Jan-01 00:00:00.0000 TDB X =-1.776670337217189E-01 Y = 9.646511868801392E-01 Z =-2.560710414773878E-04 VX=-1.666610342674751E-02 VY=-2.935662211368250E-03 VZ= 2.214641479437884E-05 2460676.500694444 = A.D. 2025-Jan-01 00:01:00.0000 TDB X =-1.776786074043311E-01 Y = 9.646491481829632E-01 Z =-2.560556593596988E-04 VX=-1.666610249864482E-02 VY=-2.935785656373790E-03 VZ= 2.215408427478499E-05 $$EOE ******************************************************************************* TIME Barycentric Dynamical Time ("TDB" or T_eph) output was requested. This continuous coordinate time is equivalent to the relativistic proper time of a clock at rest in a reference frame co-moving with the solar system barycenter but outside the system's gravity well. It is the independent variable in the solar system relativistic equations of motion. TDB runs at a uniform rate of one SI second per second and is independent of irregularities in Earth's rotation. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. REFERENCE FRAME AND COORDINATES Ecliptic at the standard reference epoch Reference epoch: J2000.0 X-Y plane: adopted Earth orbital plane at the reference epoch Note: IAU76 obliquity of 84381.448 arcseconds wrt ICRF X-Y plane X-axis : ICRF Z-axis : perpendicular to the X-Y plane in the directional (+ or -) sense of Earth's north pole at the reference epoch. Symbol meaning [1 au= 149597870.700 km, 1 day= 86400.0 s]: JDTDB Julian Day Number, Barycentric Dynamical Time X X-component of position vector (au) Y Y-component of position vector (au) Z Z-component of position vector (au) VX X-component of velocity vector (au/day) VY Y-component of velocity vector (au/day) VZ Z-component of velocity vector (au/day) ABERRATIONS AND CORRECTIONS Geometric state vectors have NO corrections or aberrations applied. Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov *******************************************************************************