API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: January 26, 2022 Saturn 699 PHYSICAL DATA: Mass x10^26 (kg) = 5.6834 Density (g/cm^3) = 0.687+-.001 Equat. radius (1 bar) = 60268+-4 km Polar radius (km) = 54364+-10 Vol. Mean Radius (km) = 58232+-6 Flattening = 0.09796 Geometric Albedo = 0.47 Rocky core mass (Mc/M) = 0.1027 Sid. rot. period (III)= 10h 39m 22.4s Sid. rot. rate (rad/s) = 0.000163785 Mean solar day, hrs =~10.656 GM (km^3/s^2) = 37931206.234 GM 1-sigma (km^3/s^2) = +- 98 Equ. grav, ge (m/s^2) = 10.44 Pol. grav, gp (m/s^2) = 12.14+-0.01 Vis. magnitude V(1,0) = -8.88 Vis. mag. (opposition)= +0.67 Obliquity to orbit = 26.73 deg Sidereal orbit period = 29.447498 yr Sidereal orbit period = 10755.698 d Mean daily motion = 0.0334979 deg/d Mean orbit velocity = 9.68 km/s Atmos. temp. (1 bar) = 134+-4 K Escape speed, km/s = 35.5 Aroche(ice)/Rp = 2.71 Hill's sphere rad. Rp = 1100 Perihelion Aphelion Mean Solar Constant (W/m^2) 16.8 13.6 15.1 Maximum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 4.7 4.5 4.6 Minimum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 4.7 4.5 4.6 ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Thu Aug 14 15:51:55 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Saturn (699) {source: sat441l} Center body name: Sun (10) {source: DE441} Center-site name: BODY CENTER ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2025-Jan-01 00:00:00.0000 TDB Stop time : A.D. 2025-Jan-01 00:01:00.0000 TDB Step-size : 1 minutes ******************************************************************************* Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center radii : 695700.0, 695700.0, 695700.0 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Output units : AU-D Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian Output type : GEOMETRIC cartesian states Output format : 2 (position and velocity) Reference frame : Ecliptic of J2000.0 ******************************************************************************* JDTDB X Y Z VX VY VZ ******************************************************************************* $$SOE 2460676.500000000 = A.D. 2025-Jan-01 00:00:00.0000 TDB X = 9.461067271500818E+00 Y =-1.764614720843175E+00 Z =-3.458764004169705E-01 VX= 7.093807804551229E-04 VY= 5.475097536527790E-03 VZ=-1.232345969963958E-04 2460676.500694444 = A.D. 2025-Jan-01 00:01:00.0000 TDB X = 9.461067764125684E+00 Y =-1.764610918691946E+00 Z =-3.458764859965446E-01 VX= 7.093788338554797E-04 VY= 5.475098004312488E-03 VZ=-1.232345764512067E-04 $$EOE ******************************************************************************* TIME Barycentric Dynamical Time ("TDB" or T_eph) output was requested. This continuous coordinate time is equivalent to the relativistic proper time of a clock at rest in a reference frame co-moving with the solar system barycenter but outside the system's gravity well. It is the independent variable in the solar system relativistic equations of motion. TDB runs at a uniform rate of one SI second per second and is independent of irregularities in Earth's rotation. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. REFERENCE FRAME AND COORDINATES Ecliptic at the standard reference epoch Reference epoch: J2000.0 X-Y plane: adopted Earth orbital plane at the reference epoch Note: IAU76 obliquity of 84381.448 arcseconds wrt ICRF X-Y plane X-axis : ICRF Z-axis : perpendicular to the X-Y plane in the directional (+ or -) sense of Earth's north pole at the reference epoch. Symbol meaning [1 au= 149597870.700 km, 1 day= 86400.0 s]: JDTDB Julian Day Number, Barycentric Dynamical Time X X-component of position vector (au) Y Y-component of position vector (au) Z Z-component of position vector (au) VX X-component of velocity vector (au/day) VY Y-component of velocity vector (au/day) VZ Z-component of velocity vector (au/day) ABERRATIONS AND CORRECTIONS Geometric state vectors have NO corrections or aberrations applied. Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov *******************************************************************************