curl -s "https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/api/horizons.api?format=text&COMMAND=%27%40sun%27&CENTER=%27%40sun%27&EPHEM_TYPE=%27VECTORS%27&OUT_UNITS=%27AU-D%27&START_TIME=%272000-01-01%2012:00%27&STOP_TIME=%272000-01-01%2012:01%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20m%27&VEC_TABLE=2&REF_PLANE=%27ECLIPTIC%27&REF_SYSTEM=%27J2000%27" API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: July 31, 2013 Sun 10 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (updated 2024-Oct-30): GM, km^3/s^2 = 132712440041.93938 Mass, 10^24 kg = ~1988410 Vol. mean radius, km = 695700 Volume, 10^12 km^3 = 1412000 Solar radius (IAU2015)= 695700 km Mean density, g/cm^3 = 1.408 Radius (photosphere) = 696500 km Angular diam at 1 AU = 1919.3" Photosphere temp., K = 6600 (bottom) Photosphere temp., K = 4400(top) Photospheric depth = ~500 km Chromospheric depth = ~2500 km Flatness, f = 0.00005 Adopted sid. rot. per.= 25.38 d Surface gravity = 274.0 m/s^2 Escape speed, km/s = 617.7 Pole (RA,DEC), deg. = (286.13, 63.87) Obliquity to ecliptic = 7.25 deg. Solar constant (1 AU) = 1367.6 W/m^2 Luminosity, 10^24 J/s = 382.8 Mass-energy conv rate = 4.260 x 10^9 kg/s Effective temp, K = 5772 Sunspot cycle = 11.4 yr Cycle 24 sunspot min. = 2008 A.D. Motion relative to nearby stars = apex : R.A.= 271 deg.; DEC.= +30 deg. speed: 19.4 km/s (0.0112 au/day) Motion relative to 2.73K BB/CBR = apex : l= 264.7 +- 0.8; b= 48.2 +- 0.5 deg. speed: 369 +-11 km/s ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Wed Aug 13 04:05:18 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Sun (10) {source: DE441} Center body name: Sun (10) {source: DE441} Center-site name: BODY CENTER ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2000-Jan-01 12:00:00.0000 TDB Stop time : A.D. 2000-Jan-01 12:01:00.0000 TDB Step-size : 1 minutes ******************************************************************************* Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center radii : 695700.0, 695700.0, 695700.0 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Output units : AU-D Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian Output type : GEOMETRIC cartesian states Output format : 2 (position and velocity) Reference frame : Ecliptic of J2000.0 ******************************************************************************* JDTDB X Y Z VX VY VZ ******************************************************************************* $$SOE 2451545.000000000 = A.D. 2000-Jan-01 12:00:00.0000 TDB X = 0.000000000000000E+00 Y = 0.000000000000000E+00 Z = 0.000000000000000E+00 VX= 0.000000000000000E+00 VY= 0.000000000000000E+00 VZ= 0.000000000000000E+00 2451545.000694444 = A.D. 2000-Jan-01 12:01:00.0000 TDB X = 0.000000000000000E+00 Y = 0.000000000000000E+00 Z = 0.000000000000000E+00 VX= 0.000000000000000E+00 VY= 0.000000000000000E+00 VZ= 0.000000000000000E+00 $$EOE ******************************************************************************* TIME Barycentric Dynamical Time ("TDB" or T_eph) output was requested. This continuous coordinate time is equivalent to the relativistic proper time of a clock at rest in a reference frame co-moving with the solar system barycenter but outside the system's gravity well. It is the independent variable in the solar system relativistic equations of motion. TDB runs at a uniform rate of one SI second per second and is independent of irregularities in Earth's rotation. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. REFERENCE FRAME AND COORDINATES Ecliptic at the standard reference epoch Reference epoch: J2000.0 X-Y plane: adopted Earth orbital plane at the reference epoch Note: IAU76 obliquity of 84381.448 arcseconds wrt ICRF X-Y plane X-axis : ICRF Z-axis : perpendicular to the X-Y plane in the directional (+ or -) sense of Earth's north pole at the reference epoch. Symbol meaning [1 au= 149597870.700 km, 1 day= 86400.0 s]: JDTDB Julian Day Number, Barycentric Dynamical Time X X-component of position vector (au) Y Y-component of position vector (au) Z Z-component of position vector (au) VX X-component of velocity vector (au/day) VY Y-component of velocity vector (au/day) VZ Z-component of velocity vector (au/day) ABERRATIONS AND CORRECTIONS Geometric state vectors have NO corrections or aberrations applied. Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov *******************************************************************************