API VERSION: 1.2 API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API ******************************************************************************* Revised: April 12, 2021 Jupiter 599 PHYSICAL DATA (revised 2025-Jan-30): Mass x 10^26 (kg) = 18.9819 Density (g/cm^3) = 1.3262 +- .0003 Equat. radius (1 bar) = 71492+-4 km Polar radius (km) = 66854+-10 Vol. Mean Radius (km) = 69911+-6 Flattening = 0.06487 Geometric Albedo = 0.52 Rocky core mass (Mc/M)= 0.0261 Sid. rot. period (III)= 9h 55m 29.711 s Sid. rot. rate (rad/s)= 0.00017585 Mean solar day, hrs = ~9.9259 GM (km^3/s^2) = 126686531.900 GM 1-sigma (km^3/s^2) = +- 1.2732 Equ. grav, ge (m/s^2) = 24.79 Pol. grav, gp (m/s^2) = 28.34 Vis. magnitude V(1,0) = -9.40 Vis. mag. (opposition)= -2.70 Obliquity to orbit = 3.13 deg Sidereal orbit period = 11.861982204 y Sidereal orbit period = 4332.589 d Mean daily motion = 0.0831294 deg/d Mean orbit speed, km/s= 13.0697 Atmos. temp. (1 bar) = 165+-5 K Escape speed, km/s = 59.5 A_roche(ice)/Rp = 2.76 Hill's sphere rad. Rp = 740 Perihelion Aphelion Mean Solar Constant (W/m^2) 56 46 51 Maximum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 13.7 13.4 13.6 Minimum Planetary IR (W/m^2) 13.7 13.4 13.6 ******************************************************************************* ******************************************************************************* Ephemeris / API_USER Thu Aug 14 15:51:54 2025 Pasadena, USA / Horizons ******************************************************************************* Target body name: Jupiter (599) {source: jup365_merged} Center body name: Sun (10) {source: jup365_merged} Center-site name: BODY CENTER ******************************************************************************* Start time : A.D. 2025-Jan-01 00:00:00.0000 TDB Stop time : A.D. 2025-Jan-01 00:01:00.0000 TDB Step-size : 1 minutes ******************************************************************************* Center geodetic : 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)} Center cylindric: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)} Center radii : 695700.0, 695700.0, 695700.0 km {Equator_a, b, pole_c} Output units : AU-D Calendar mode : Mixed Julian/Gregorian Output type : GEOMETRIC cartesian states Output format : 2 (position and velocity) Reference frame : Ecliptic of J2000.0 ******************************************************************************* JDTDB X Y Z VX VY VZ ******************************************************************************* $$SOE 2460676.500000000 = A.D. 2025-Jan-01 00:00:00.0000 TDB X = 1.056033545576702E+00 Y = 4.971452162023883E+00 Z =-4.427806378454757E-02 VX=-7.476272400979211E-03 VY= 1.924466075080766E-03 VZ= 1.592575331437652E-04 2460676.500694444 = A.D. 2025-Jan-01 00:01:00.0000 TDB X = 1.056028353720140E+00 Y = 4.971453498455673E+00 Z =-4.427795318902549E-02 VX=-7.476274498134918E-03 VY= 1.924457475706055E-03 VZ= 1.592575690535828E-04 $$EOE ******************************************************************************* TIME Barycentric Dynamical Time ("TDB" or T_eph) output was requested. This continuous coordinate time is equivalent to the relativistic proper time of a clock at rest in a reference frame co-moving with the solar system barycenter but outside the system's gravity well. It is the independent variable in the solar system relativistic equations of motion. TDB runs at a uniform rate of one SI second per second and is independent of irregularities in Earth's rotation. CALENDAR SYSTEM Mixed calendar mode was active such that calendar dates after AD 1582-Oct-15 (if any) are in the modern Gregorian system. Dates prior to 1582-Oct-5 (if any) are in the Julian calendar system, which is automatically extended for dates prior to its adoption on 45-Jan-1 BC. The Julian calendar is useful for matching historical dates. The Gregorian calendar more accurately corresponds to the Earth's orbital motion and seasons. A "Gregorian-only" calendar mode is available if such physical events are the primary interest. REFERENCE FRAME AND COORDINATES Ecliptic at the standard reference epoch Reference epoch: J2000.0 X-Y plane: adopted Earth orbital plane at the reference epoch Note: IAU76 obliquity of 84381.448 arcseconds wrt ICRF X-Y plane X-axis : ICRF Z-axis : perpendicular to the X-Y plane in the directional (+ or -) sense of Earth's north pole at the reference epoch. Symbol meaning [1 au= 149597870.700 km, 1 day= 86400.0 s]: JDTDB Julian Day Number, Barycentric Dynamical Time X X-component of position vector (au) Y Y-component of position vector (au) Z Z-component of position vector (au) VX X-component of velocity vector (au/day) VY Y-component of velocity vector (au/day) VZ Z-component of velocity vector (au/day) ABERRATIONS AND CORRECTIONS Geometric state vectors have NO corrections or aberrations applied. Computations by ... Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html User Guide : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html Connect : browser https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x API https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html command-line telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775 e-mail/batch https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/horizons_batch.txt scripts https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS Author : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov *******************************************************************************